{"title":"Fusinite Analysis Packages","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"random-reflectance-analysis1","title":"Package A: Random Reflectance Analysis","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage A is mandetory for authentication and verification of samples and includes: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Random reflectance (Ro-500 points n+ KDE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Inertinite Carbon (dry wt.%)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Carbonization temperature (oC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Thermal Efficiency Score (THS)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Carbonzation Homogenety Score (CHS)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6. Digital Authntication, Verification, Interpretive Reportin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003ePackage A: Base Random Reflectance Analysis Package (Mandatory)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\" style=\"margin-top: 0cm;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003ePreparation of Polished Pellet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003e: Each sample undergoes resin mounting, grinding, and polishing to create a scratch-free, mechanically polished surface, according to ISO 7404-2:2009, PN-EN 1860-2:2006, or PN-ISO 13909-4:2005 standards.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eMeasurement of Mean Random Reflectance (Ro)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003e: We conduct 500 point measurements of reflected white light on the polished surface of biochar fragments, using an optical microscope (ISO 7404-5:2009).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eVolumetric Random Reflectance (Ro)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003e: By measuring the volume distribution of random reflectance across the biochar sample, we define the percentage of inertinite and semi-inertinite content (Sanei et al., 2024; ITPE Procedure and ISO 7404-5:2009).\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eRandom Reflectance is the only rigorously calibrated empirical measurement of carbon permanence, grounded in decades of geological observations of sedimentary deposits. Unlike bulk value measurements, this method provides a spatial distribution of carbonization and carbon permanence across biochar particles in a single sample. In this analysis, the inertinite content of biochar is assessed by measuring the volumetric random reflectance (Ro) using optical microscopy with a photometry system. The fraction of biochar with Ro values exceeding 2%, known as the Inertinite Benchmark (IBRo2%), is identified as the permanently sequestered carbon on an ash-free, dry basis.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eFurthermore, Ro enables the estimation of carbonization temperature (CT, °C) and its comparison with the pyrolysis production temperature (PT, °C), revealing any thermal inefficiencies during pyrolysis. Our report includes recommendations to optimize pyrolysis methods, aiming to enhance the homogeneity of the biochar and increase carbon stability.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fusinite","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50022792593746,"sku":"SKU19701982","price":175.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0905\/0937\/7874\/files\/14.jpg?v=1735844813"},{"product_id":"package-b-biochar-properties","title":"Package B:  Biochar properties","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage B:  Biochar properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBulk density \u0026lt; 3 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater holding capacity (WHC) \u0026lt; 2 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoisture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDry Matter ARB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDry Matter \u0026lt; 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PAHs\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBenzo(a)pyrene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBenzo(a)anthracene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBenzo(b)fluoranthene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBenzo(k)fluoranthene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChrysene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDibenz(a,h)anthracene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBenzo(g,h,i)perylene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTotal 16 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