Package A: Random Reflectance Analysis
Package A: Random Reflectance Analysis
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Package A is mandetory for authentication and verification of samples and includes:
1. Random reflectance (Ro-500 points n+ KDE)
2. Inertinite Carbon (dry wt.%)
3. Carbonization temperature (oC)
4. Thermal Efficiency Score (THS)
5. Carbonzation Homogenety Score (CHS)
6. Digital Authntication, Verification, Interpretive Reportin
Package A: Base Random Reflectance Analysis Package (Mandatory)
- Preparation of Polished Pellet: Each sample undergoes resin mounting, grinding, and polishing to create a scratch-free, mechanically polished surface, according to ISO 7404-2:2009, PN-EN 1860-2:2006, or PN-ISO 13909-4:2005 standards.
- Measurement of Mean Random Reflectance (Ro): We conduct 500 point measurements of reflected white light on the polished surface of biochar fragments, using an optical microscope (ISO 7404-5:2009).
- Volumetric Random Reflectance (Ro): By measuring the volume distribution of random reflectance across the biochar sample, we define the percentage of inertinite and semi-inertinite content (Sanei et al., 2024; ITPE Procedure and ISO 7404-5:2009).
Random Reflectance is the only rigorously calibrated empirical measurement of carbon permanence, grounded in decades of geological observations of sedimentary deposits. Unlike bulk value measurements, this method provides a spatial distribution of carbonization and carbon permanence across biochar particles in a single sample. In this analysis, the inertinite content of biochar is assessed by measuring the volumetric random reflectance (Ro) using optical microscopy with a photometry system. The fraction of biochar with Ro values exceeding 2%, known as the Inertinite Benchmark (IBRo2%), is identified as the permanently sequestered carbon on an ash-free, dry basis.
Furthermore, Ro enables the estimation of carbonization temperature (CT, °C) and its comparison with the pyrolysis production temperature (PT, °C), revealing any thermal inefficiencies during pyrolysis. Our report includes recommendations to optimize pyrolysis methods, aiming to enhance the homogeneity of the biochar and increase carbon stability.

